Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA)

This is like an aspiration cytology procedure. Under local or general anesthesia, a 22-G butterfly needle is jabbed around the testicular substance while applying suction with a 20-ml syringe. The aspirated fluid is checked for sperm. TESA is primarily useful in men with obstructive azoospermia,but has also been used for men with non-obstructive azoospermia.