Can smoking cause ectopic pregnancy?

A condition in which the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the fallopian tube or elsewhere outside the womb and begins to develop but cannot survive. Ectopic pregnancy poses a serious risk to the health of the mother.

• Previous ectopic pregnancy
• Tubal damage from infection or surgery
• History of infertility
• Therapy for in vitro fertilization
• Increased age
• Smoking
• Prior pelvic infection
• DES exposure
• IUD use
• Pregnancy conceived by assisted reproduction.