What is Primary Ovarian Insufficiency?

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition that occurs when a woman’s ovaries stop working normally before the age of 40. It’s different from premature menopause.Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), formerly known as premature ovarian failure, is a condition characterized by the loss of normal ovarian function in women under the age of 40. This condition can have significant implications for a woman’s reproductive health, hormonal balance, and overall well-being. It often leads to irregular or absent menstrual periods, difficulty conceiving, and a decline in estrogen levels. Unlike menopause, which is a natural ageing process, POI can occur in younger women affects their ability to have children and may cause other health issues due to low estrogen levels.

Some causes of POI include:

Genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, or galactosemia
Infections that damage the ovaries, such as mumps
Problems with hormones that regulate the ovaries, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Surgery on the ovaries

The most common treatment for POI is hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT provides the body with estrogen and other hormones that the ovaries aren’t producing. It can improve sexual health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.

POI isn’t reversible, but healthcare providers can treat symptoms, side effects, and associated conditions. People with POI who don’t take hormone replacement therapy are at higher risk for osteoporosis and heart disease.

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